A PROPOSED IOT BASED SMART WASTE BIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH AN OPTIMIZED ROUTE: A CASE STUDY OF GHANA

ABSTRACT:-

Waste management in Ghana has in recent times been a subject of discourse that pervades most of its industrial cities. The provision of waste bins at vantage points by waste management institutions is not enough to solve the problem of the current management system. In this paper, a proposed method that uses multiple solutions to address the issues of spillage and inefficient collection scheme is presented. The system provides a monitoring platform for the waste management institution to handle the alert records by creating orders for the garbage collectors/drivers which can be accessed via a mobile application system.

The proposed system includes a smart waste bin which has a microcontroller-based system constructed and affixed to the top of the bins to detect bin level status and communicate to drivers and management office via SMS and application system. A work order is created once a utilizes is full which can be received by the drivers and routing system regarding the state of bins distributed within a specific geographic area that can be assessed on the drivers’ phone. The system implantation works successfully, making it possible to monitor waste bin status in real-time but occasionally had high latency which was primarily due to the use of GSM module for GSM/GPRS connectivity..

EXISTING SYSTEM:-

According to the need of developing generation waste can be well manipulated for this reason we’ve got proposed the smart dustbin however it turns into expensive. We get success over this drawback via means of making the usage of NODE MCU which have small length and there’s no need of outside WIFI connectivity this makes efficient application. ​operating of the smart dustbin and the usage of sensors. In this architecture a small device is ​located at the dustbin. This tool makes the dustbin for paintings smart. The essential goal of the gadget is to screen the rubbish and make India clean. The tool is composed of distinctive additives which includes sun, panel, ultrasonic sensor, energy delivery, RTC, nodeMCU etc. This tool detects the contemporary popularity and different facts this element facts show at the android application. Through the net tool with sensor related to android app suggests the element facts which includes contemporary popularity of rubbish, time, date, day of cleansing and also percentage of rubbish in order that it suggests in what number of chances the dustbin is clean. This gadget enables screen reduction efforts. Another function we upload scanning of the code while the employee makes the dustbin empty and experiment the code automatically the advanced were given the replacement that the rubbish is picked up after the employee reaches the destination, he’s going to once more experiment the code and this will verify that rubbish is nicely reached. Due to this tracking it ends up too clean and paintings turn into more green and smarter. In case if energy delivery isn’t always done then we’ve got used as a backup i.e. sun panel. This will paint as a backup to the gadget. It offers electric powered energy delivery too.

DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:-

• We have proposed a smart dustbin but it has become expensive.
• Sometimes it may happen that the garbage in the dustbin is full or sometimes it may be not up to the level where it needs to be emptied.
• The change in the lifecycle of the people is one cause which causes an increase in the levels of waste generation. Serious challenges are occurred due to this
• The waste management schemes that are present, these are not enough to handle the ever-increasing levels of waste. Inefficient waste management techniques have given rise to the possibility of such kinds of problems.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:-

We develop the proposed system that is totally based on the concept of Internet Of Things (IOT) and cleanliness of smart cities. So that we construct the model that has sensor nodes which detect the waste bin level and report the level of bin to raspberry pi for further action. This system consists of hardware and software which accurately does the waste bin management. This proposed system includes the waste bin, Thingspeak cloud service and mobile app. 

In this project we used a smart bin which has a raspberry pi connected to the top of the bin and Ultrasonic sensor connected to raspberry pi to detect the level of garbage. The GSM module also connected to pi for internet connectivity to access the Thingspeak cloud database and send alert SMS to the garbage collector. Our proposed system has a cloud database of bin level status, location of bins, all routing information and work order for garbage collectors. The ultrasonic sensor detects the garbage level and passes this information to the system. The system updates the garbage level in the Thingspeak cloud database. This updated bin information gets fetched by the app server. Then the system checks the bin level. If it is greater than 70 percent, create the work order and send alert SMS and routing information to the garbage collector. Then If a waste bin is emitted the work order is clear in any other case the app sends reminder SMS to garbage collector.

Raspberry pi was used in this work considering the key specifications that meet the hardware requirements of the system. The ultrasonic sensors detect distances in the range of 2cm-400cm; these modules consist of the receiver  transmitter and control circuit. GSM module also contains GPRS multi-slot class 12 class 10 it is also possible to use a data connection to access the internet. I.e this system is very helpful in Waste bin management.

MODULES:-

• Garbage detection: Using ultrasonic sensor detecting garbage level
• Alert System: After getting garbage value greater than threshold we will send alert message to the garbage collector via GSM module.
• Storage management: Storing realtime values on cloud using ThinkSpeak.
• User Registration: User have to register to become a part of Android Application.
• User Login: User have to login themself to access in Application.
• Database: Values Add in database.
• Bin Available: Fetch latitude and longitude values of bin available from database using python.and send that values to jsonarray and set that values indexvise and display on google map using java.
• Bin Unavailable: Fetch latitude and longitude values of bin Unavailable from database using python.and send that values to jsonarray and set that values indexvise and display on google map using java.

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:-

• The garbage will be collected on a time-to-time basis.
• There would not be any bad smell around the bin.
• Real time notification to collect the garbage.
• Saving on fuel consumption, thus reducing the threat to the environment. 
• Bin can operate from anywhere.

HARDWARE:-

• Operating System : Windows 10, 7, 8.1.
• Android
• Python
• Spyder, Jupyter notebook, Flask.
• Raspberry pi

SOFTWARE:-

• ThingSpeak
• switch
• raspberry Pi
• Sensor